It is important for mental health practitioners to understand and acknowledge cultural differences.
With the richness of cultures found in the United States, it has become increasingly important for those working in the field of mental health to be culturally sensitive and able to understand and address the barriers posed by a multicultural society. By remaining in tune with cultural diversity and the realities that arise from various backgrounds, mental health counselors will able to be more successful with their patients.
Individualistic Versus Collective Cultures
When working with patients from various cultures, consider whether they were brought up in an individualistic or collective society. Individualistic societies, such as the United States, focus on the individual person, praise independence, and tend to revolve on what is best for each individual. Collective societies, such as many Asian or Latino cultures, are less individualistic because individuals learn to work for the good of the entire family.
Different Roles in Different Cultures
Cultures have varying ideas about the roles of individuals within that culture. In U.S. society, people of various ages and gender are often accepted as near-equal and treated in a similar matter. However, in other societies, it is not uncommon to find familial hierarchies, in which those who are lower in the hierarchy depending on advice and approval from higher ones. In such societies, women and children may have a more passive position. It is imperative for practitioners to understand the roles of individuals within their cultures if they are to treat them.
Communication Styles
Because communication plays such a significant role in counseling, practitioners must consider the different communication styles that go with different cultures. For instance, in some Asian cultures, it is considered rude to say no or be overly assertive. Tone can also be misinterpreted. While in the United States speaking in a monotone might be read as a flat affect, some Asian tonal languages require a steady pitch or the meaning of the words changes. Considering the role of culture in what is said and how it is communicated is a must for those working with patients of different cultures.
Other Important Differences
A person's culture affects a range of thoughts and behaviors, and truly affects the way an individual sees the world. Paying attention to easily overlooked aspects of conversation, from the time of a pause between sentences to the physical space between two people who are speaking, can make a counseling session more or less comfortable. Understanding the values of a society may help explain some behaviors that may seem abnormal. For instance, those raised in a society that is less materialistic may have mismatched belongings or dress less stylishly. By asking questions, having an open mind, and learning about cultures, therapists can help themselves see the perspectives of their patients and overcome the barriers posed by working in a multicultural environment.
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